HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Detector Module

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Detector Module offers an affordable and highly reliable solution for non-contact distance measurement and object detection, a crucial capability for various robotics and automation projects. This popular module uses ultrasonic sound waves to determine the distance to an object. Consequently, it transmits a high-frequency sound pulse and then measures the time taken for the echo to return. The HC-SR04 integrates both the ultrasonic transmitter (T) and receiver (R) in a single compact unit, simplifying integration into your designs. Furthermore, its simple four-pin interface allows direct communication with microcontrollers like Arduino or Raspberry Pi. Therefore, developers widely choose the HC-SR04 when they require precise and repeatable ranging data without physical contact.

Key Features:

• High Measurement Accuracy: This module provides stable and consistent readings with a typical accuracy of ±3 mm, crucial for precise navigation and positioning tasks.
• Wide Ranging Distance: You can reliably measure distances from 2 cm up to 450 cm (4.5 meters), covering most short-to-medium range applications.
• Integrated Transducer Pair: The unit includes both the 40 kHz transmitter and receiver, eliminating the need for external ultrasonic components.
• Simple Interface Protocol: It uses a straightforward two-pin (Trigger and Echo) interface, making programming and integration with microcontrollers extremely easy.
• Low Power Consumption: Operating efficiently at 5V, the module draws minimal current, making it ideal for battery-powered or energy-sensitive projects.

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: DC 5V
• Quiescent Current: Less than 2 mA
• Working Current: ≈ 15 mA
• Effective Ranging Angle: Less than 15°
• Test Distance Range: 2 cm to 450 cm (4.5 m)
• Resolution: ≈ 0.3 cm
• Ultrasonic Frequency: 40 kHz
• Trigger Pulse Input: 10 μS TTL Pulse

Mechanical Specifications:

• Board Material: Standard FR4 PCB
• Transducer Diameter: ≈ 16 mm
• Mounting Holes: Features two mounting holes for easy securing to chassis or brackets.
• Transducer Type: Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers

Dimensions:

• Module Length (L): 45.0 mm
• Module Width (W): 20.0 mm
• Module Height (H): ≈ 15.0 mm (Including transducers)
• Mounting Hole Diameter: 3.0 mm
• Weight: ≈ 8 g (Lightweight for aerial or mobile robots)

Pinout and Wiring:

• VCC: Connect this pin to the 5V DC power supply.
• Trig (Trigger): Send a 10 μS high pulse to this pin to initiate a measurement cycle.
• Echo: This pin outputs a high pulse whose duration is proportional to the measured distance.
• GND: Connect this pin to the circuit ground (0 V).
• Wiring Note: You calculate the distance (cm) using the formula: Distance = (Time of Echo Pulse * Speed of Sound (343 m/s)) / 2.

Datasheet Reference:

• Download HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Datasheet (PDF)

Commonly Used in:

• Microcontroller Development Boards: The module pairs well with Arduino Uno, ESP32, STM32, and PIC microcontrollers.
• Mobile Robotics: Engineers use the sensor for obstacle avoidance, wall following, and basic navigation in small robots.
• IoT Projects: Frequently utilized for non-contact liquid level sensing in tanks and bins.

Applications:

• Object Detection and Ranging: Determining the presence of and distance to objects in industrial or consumer settings.
• Security and Alarm Systems: Serving as motion detectors or proximity sensors within security perimeters.
• Parking Assistance Systems: Providing distance feedback for vehicles during parking maneuvers.
• Altimeters: Calculating height above ground for small drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Equivalent Models:

• JSN-SR04T: A waterproof version often used in outdoor or high-humidity environments.
• US-100: In addition, this model offers a wider operating voltage range and sometimes includes temperature compensation.
• HC-SR05: A 5-pin variant that offers a slightly different interface but performs the same core ultrasonic ranging function.

Package Includes:

• 1 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Detector Module